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Undercover reporters have infiltrated a network of fraudulent “cryptic pregnancy clinics” in Nigeria, revealing a disturbing scam that exploits the desperation of women struggling with infertility.
In the southeastern town of Ihiala, one such operation is run by a woman known to her clients as “Dr Ruth.” Operating out of a rundown hotel every second Saturday, her makeshift clinic draws dozens of hopeful women, some visibly pregnant, waiting in the dimly lit corridors for her so-called treatments.
The atmosphere is deceptively cheerful, with celebrations erupting when “Dr Ruth” announces pregnancies. Yet, the treatments she offers are unscientific and exploitative.
The Scam Unveiled
Posing as a couple trying to conceive for eight years, the reporters were promised guaranteed success. “Dr Ruth” initially offered an injection she falsely claimed would allow the couple to choose the sex of their baby—a biological impossibility. When the reporters declined, she provided a sachet of crushed pills and additional medication with specific instructions for use, charging them 350,000 naira ($205; £165).
Weeks later, without following any of her instructions, the reporter returned. Using a device resembling an ultrasound scanner, “Dr Ruth” played what sounded like a heartbeat and declared the woman pregnant. Both parties celebrated the news.
The scam escalated as “Dr Ruth” claimed the couple needed to buy a “scarce and expensive drug” to ensure the baby’s safe delivery, costing up to 2 million naira ($1,180; £945). She warned, falsely, that without the drug, the pregnancy could extend beyond nine months, risking the baby’s health.
Despite repeated requests for comment, “Dr Ruth” has not responded to allegations.
A Network of Deception
The appeal of such scams is amplified by misinformation proliferating online, particularly in Facebook groups. Some posts hail cryptic pregnancy treatments as “miracles,” combining pseudo-medical claims with religious rhetoric. In closed groups, members—many from Nigeria, South Africa, the Caribbean, and the US—share their desperation and hopes, which scammers exploit.
The cycle of deception often moves from Facebook to encrypted platforms like WhatsApp, where administrators share details about the clinics and their processes.
Cryptic pregnancy, a legitimate medical phenomenon where women remain unaware of their pregnancy until late stages, has become a key tool for scammers, who twist the concept to justify their fraudulent practices.
The Dark Side: Baby Trafficking
Investigations uncovered the grim reality fueling these scams. Authorities in Anambra State raided a facility linked to “Dr Ruth” in February 2024. Inside, they found medical equipment for clients and several young, pregnant women held against their will.
Some of the women, as young as 17, were misled into believing they’d receive help. Others, like Uju (not her real name), were coerced into selling their babies. She admitted being offered 800,000 naira ($470; £380) for her child but remains emotionally torn. “I’m still confused,” she said.
A Systemic Problem
Experts warn that unless societal attitudes towards infertility, reproductive rights, and adoption evolve, such scams will persist. Commissioner Obinabo, a key figure in cracking down on these operations, highlighted how scammers prey on vulnerable women.
In a tense encounter during the investigation, the commissioner considered removing baby Hope from Chioma, a victim of the scam. However, after hearing her explanation, Chioma was allowed to keep the child—unless the biological parents come forward.
A Call for Change
This investigation shines a light on the need for better education, stricter enforcement, and compassionate support systems to protect women from exploitation. Until then, fraudulent operations like these will continue to thrive, capitalizing on desperation and misinformation.
